The European Union’s population is expected to reach its highest level in 2029 before entering a long-term decline, according to a new report released by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre.
The report projects the population of the 27-member EU will increase from 450.6 million today to 453.3 million in 2029 before gradually falling to 398.8 million by 2100.
Ageing Population Presents New Challenges?
Researchers said Europeans are living longer due to improvements in healthcare and living standards. However, an ageing population is expected to place increasing pressure on labour markets, public finances and healthcare systems.
By 2050, nearly one in three EU residents is expected to be aged 65 or older, compared with one in five today.
Life expectancy at birth reached 81.5 years in 2024. By the end of the century, it could exceed 90 years for women and 86 years for men, the report said.
What is the Economic Impact?
The report warns that a shrinking working-age population could lead to labour shortages and increase pressure on pension, healthcare and education systems.
At the same time, researchers highlighted opportunities for the growing “silver economy”, with increasing demand for products and services designed for older people.
The European Union said improving productivity, increasing workforce participation and supporting economic growth will be key priorities as the region adapts to long-term demographic change.
Last modified: July 15, 2026
